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Lazy instantiation (also known as lazy load) is an object orientated design pattern that attempts to reduce the amount of resources needed to load an application by only loading certain parts of it if they are needed. This makes sense as you don't need all parts of an application on every page load, so cutting down the data loaded cuts down the resources and processing time needed to load the page.

The singleton design pattern is used to centralise an object in an application that is used to store changing variables that can then be accessed by other parts of the program. It allows only the single instantiation of an object, hence the name.