Linux/Unix

Checking Domain TTL Values

Part of the process of putting a new site live can be moving DNS entries around. Prior to doing this it's a really good idea to sort out the Time To Live (TTL) of the DNS record so that when you do change DNS entries you aren't waiting around for a day for the DNS to sort itself out. Most DNS registrars will allow you to set your TTL down to a minute or so.

It's also very important to check the status of your DNS records to ensure that they have the correct TTL, usually a day before (and day of) the move.

Read Contents Of SSL Cert From The Command Line

Whilst it is possible to view the contents of an SSL cert from within most modern browsers I occasionally find the need to use the command line to find out the same information. I find this useful when renewing certificates as browsers can occasionally cache certificates for longer than expected, causing false results.

The following command connects to the server, downloads the SSL certificate from port 443 and then uses the openssl tool to extract the information from the certificate into a readable format.

Interrogating DNS Records

DNS records, as many of you will already know, are commonly used to translate a human readable address into an IP address. This means that instead of visiting a website by typing in it's IP address you can just type in the easy to remember DNS address. I won't talk too much about how DNS records work here, but if you want to know more then you can read the awesome and easy to understand how DNS works commic.

Scanning Linux For Intrusion With RKHunter

RKHunter (or Root Kit Hunter) is a program that can be used to scan a Linux machine to see if there is anything there that might be a sign of a security breach. It will scan all of the files on the system and look out for any suspicious files or unexpected changes to system files that might indicate a security breach. Just like anti-virus systems it has a database of root kit definitions that it will use to compare files against to see if they are infected but will also just check for changes to core system files.

Some Useful Curl Snippets

Curl is an incredibly useful tool and has all sorts of flags and options available for every situation. I tend to use curl quite a lot for all kinds of stuff, and not just downloading large files. So I thought I would post a few of the most common things that I use the tool for. Note that most of the following URLs don't really exist, they are just for demo purposes. I have also left out the output of these commands as they vary from a few lines to many pages of output.

Find Architecture And Version Of A Linux Box

When doing an audit of an existing Linux server a good first step is to find out what distribution is running and if the server is running a 32 or 64 bit architecture.

To find out what architecture a server is running you can run the uname command, which will print out certain system information. This must be supplied with the -a flag in order to print out as much information as possible. uname -a

This will print out a line similar to the following on an Ubuntu system.

philipnorton42 Tue, 08/12/2014 - 22:20

Print A Specific Block Of Lines From A File In Linux

If you have a large file of data that you are trying to import, or a log file you are trying to dissect then you'll rarely want to print it directly out to the screen. Using commands like more or programs like vim can make things a little easier but you still have to run through potentially thousands of lines to find the correct block.

Automatically List Directory Contents When Changing Directory In Linux

When navigating around a Linux box I tend to find I use the same two commands a lot. The first is 'cd' to change a directory, and the second is 'ls' in order to see what is in the new directory. Rather than do this over and over again I decided to look around for a good solution to automate this.

Adding Apache Reporting To Munin

When you first install a Munin node it will try to install as many plugins as it can so that it can report on different things. For example, if you have a Varnish server running then Munin will detect this and enable the plugins so that it can report on the activity of Varnish. Once you have started getting data through to your Munin server then you can turn on plugins on the nodes to get more data.

Exporting And Importing Munin Graph Data

When Munin does a data update it stores all of the data from the nodes as a set of rrd files. These files are then picked up by the munin-graph and munin-html programs and turned into the graph images and web pages that you are probably familiar with if you use Munin.

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